Tesfaye
Lemma
The Nile Basin Initiative
has been implementing a number of projects that could benefit the people along
the basin. These projects mainly aimed at addressing environment, soil and
water quality; expansion of rain-fed agriculture, improving livelihood and increasing
food security having involving local communities from the inception to the implementation
schemes.
The Nile Basin
has abundant land and water resources if properly applied could contribute significant
role poverty reduction strategies as over 60 per cent of the region’s poor
households derive their livelihood primarily from agriculture. The agricultural
sector sustains the agro-industrial sector, and contributes to the growth of
non-farm activities and help to strengthening regional integration through
trade in agricultural products.
According to
available resource, the NBI has so far experienced in water harvesting, small scale and large
scale irrigation and developed new schemes in the Nile Basin,
with the objective of improving water use efficiency. There are also projects on irrigation, soil stability,
landscape, fishery as well as flood
protection. For example, the Ethiopia irrigation and drainage project is
improving agricultural water use nationally, and the planned eastern Nile
irrigation and drainage project intends to do the same in other areas of the
region.
Therefore, the Nile Basin Initiative has been benefiting
millions of people in the Basin through its various projects. The Nile basin is
a common resource of Basin Communities that member states should cooperate to
minimize the challenges and catch up the opportunities in utilizing the water
fairly, Fekahmed, Executive Director of ENTRO,
said.The Executive Director of the Eastern Nile Technical Regional
Office emphasized that Nile Basin
Countries should strengthen their political and technical cooperation to ensure
maximum benefit to their people. In this regard, the NBI has a strategic Action
Plan with two programs: the Shared Vision Program and the Subsidiary Program.
As the capacity
building is significant to create compatibility among the Nile Basin
countries, the Shared Vision Program is mainly aimed to develop the capacities
of member countries. It is a collaborative action, exchange of experience,
trust and capacity building for regional cooperation.The subsidiary program is
so far under implementation in Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt making millions of
people beneficiary. The three countries have been benefiting from various
projects introduced by the Nile Basin Initiative mainly focusing on
trans-boundary investment witnessing the tangible results of cooperation on the
ground.
According to
Fekahmed, there are about eight huge projects including watershed, power
connection and irrigation that have been implementing in these countries. The
watershed project is carried out in 86,000 hectares of land at Tana Beles in
Ethiopia, 64,000 hectares at Atbara in Sudan and sand dune protection of Lake
Nasir over 500 km in Egypt.
The project aims
to provide an integrated watershed management system to improve the livelihoods
of the people in the region and protecting the environment.Documents from the
NBI indicated that the Eastern Nile watershed area covers 1.7 million
kilometers that supports 110 million people. The Ethiopia-Sudan Transmission
project aiming to increase access to electricity through power trade between
the three countries is another significant program benefiting them. The three
countries can trade up to 3, 200 MW among themselves and Ethiopia can sell 1, 200 MW to Sudan and 2000 MW to Egypt, according to the Executive
Director.
There are other
projects enhancing regional collaboration and improve national capacity in the
mitigation, forecasting, warning, emergency preparedness and response to floods
in the Eastern Nile Basin.
The Joint Multipurpose Program is aiming to assist the three countries in
introducing trans-boundary investment as well as economic, social and
environmental sustainability issues.
The Nile Basin
is so huge that all countries along it could be beneficiary if they introduce a
proper water management has introduced and implemented. According to recent
studies, the total area of the Nile basin
represents 10.3 percent of the area of the continent and spreads over ten
countries.
Researchers
argue that the construction of dams in upper riparian countries would augment
the quantity of water available, because of a loss of only 3 percent by
evaporation as against a loss of almost 16 percent in the Aswan reservoir. The Nile Basin Countries can
be benefited if all of them cooperate for joint dam constructions in the upstream countries.
These dams could
generate electricity for the upstream countries with low effect of the flow of
water to downstream countries where they can invest on irrigation. Maximizing
agricultural productivity using irrigation in downstream countries and raising
power generating capacity of upstream countries could be integrated among all
Nile Basin Countries for a win-win solution. The Nile Basin Countries have a
huge potential for irrigation development. The Sudan has a large irrigable land potential
is estimated at over 4.8 million hectares.
The Nile Basin
Initiative has been underway among the Nile riparian
to explore opportunities for maximizing the benefits of the river's waters
through cooperative development and management of the basin. All the countries in the basin could only be benefited
if the come together and cooperate for mutual development as they have huge resource
that help to alleviate their poverty. This is possible if all accept and
practice fair water administration and proper management system. Therefore, it
is now time for the basin countries to join hands for mutual development and a
win-win solution.